THE RISE OF THE REPUBLIC
19th Century Spain
- Slow modernization
- Collapse of empire
- conservative government
- oligarchical rule
1900 - 1923
- rise of anarcho-syndicalism
- conservative, oligarchical parties dominated the Cortes (parliament)
- elections were rigged
- increasingly more literate population
1923-1930
- urban and rural unrest leads to military dictatorship of Gen. Miguel Primo de
Rivera. Alliance between the military and the monarchy (King Alfonso XIII)
- parliament is closed. Military rules for first time in Spanish history.
- Primo de Rivera is a weak dictator: economy collapses and diabetes
- 1930: King places Gen. Dámaso Berenguer in power. Proves weak as well.
- Republican parties gather in San Sebastian on 17 August 1930; form alliance with
Socialists and produce a provisional government led by the Republican Manuel
Azaña.
1931
- Republicans swept to electoral victory early in 1931. King leaves Spain without
abdicating. Niceto Alcalá Zamora becomes prime minister; Azaña, Min. of War.
- New government a coalition among Republic Left, Center-Left, & the Socialists.
Most came from the intellectual or professional classes.